From concrete to computers, cars to clothing, industry makes them all. It includes strings of connected activities: extracting raw materials, manufacturing component parts and completed goods, provisioning them for use, dealing with disposal, and (possibly) putting waste back to work. The dominant mode of operation is take-make-use-trash—a linear flow of materials that is inefficient and untenable. All told, industry contributes 23 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions  [1], with CO2 emissions having increased by over 90% since 1970.

While reducing emissions remains fundamental, mitigation is also essential [3]. The preservation and rejuvenation of natural habitats stand out as some of the most economically efficient approaches to mitigating emissions. However, while there are evident advantages in aligning the goals of safeguarding biodiversity and sequestering carbon, there is also a potential pitfall: misalignment between conservation and climate change mitigation efforts could inadvertently hinder each other's success.